Summary Basavanna places lion-like power, Nandikeshwara, Bhringi’s dance, and the directional deities before the Linga. None of them can stand as another independent Divine reality before Kudalasangama Deva. He then…

Summary Basavanna surveys worship distributed across ruined places, village roads, tanks, wells, flowering groves, village centres, waterways, town entrances, and shrines established beneath an old tree. He then names beings…

Summary Basavanna asks whether Viṣṇu can be called great when his ten incarnations repeatedly undergo defeat and disruption. He asks whether Brahma can be called great when his head is…

Summary While churning for nectar, those called gods encounter the burning poison. Unable to withstand it, they run to Śiva and seek His refuge. Basavanna asks what becomes of their…

Summary Basavanna points to those called Nārāyaṇa, Vīrāyaṇa, Bomma, and Imma. When poison burns and Vīrabhadra strikes, all of them cry out for refuge in Kudalasangayya. The vachana tests the…

Summary Basavanna examines two familiar declarations: Brahma is called the creator, and Vishnu is called the protector. He tests these titles through the limits named in the vachana. Brahma cannot…

Summary Basavanna warns against speaking with pride of two or three gods. Divine plurality must not become a boastful assertion. He commands the listener to see the One. To declare…

Summary Basavanna names the parentage of Indra, Brahma, Vishnu, and Rudra. Each is presented as born through a mother and father. The three worlds know that all these deities are…

Summary Basavanna challenges the easy declaration that Hari and Hara are one. Such words may leave the mouth readily, but he asks whether they arise from true knowing. He then…

Summary Basavanna questions whether the Linga can be identified through colour: one calls it red, another black, and another pure white. He then rejects comparison. To call one greater than…